the basics. e le mie segnalazioni alle corti

Court:

An agency with the power to settle disputes in society.

Judicial Independence:

A principle that states that courts and judges are bound to the law and should make decisions without being under the influence of other governmental or political agencies.

Judicial Impartiality:

A concept that calls for judicial authorities to treat parties in courts as equals.

Adjudicator:

Individuals who decide the outcomes of legal disputes; more commonly, these are legal professionals known as judges.

Advocates:

Represent either the defendant or the prosecution in legal matters before the court.

Present the evidence and the arguments that allow adjudicators to make their decisions.

Legal Advisers:

Provide legal advice to advocates and citizens outside the court.

Legal Scholars:

Study the law and discuss it in legal commentaries and professional journals.

Courts of limited jurisdiction:

These courts handle minor criminal cases and may also conduct preliminary hearings for cases that will be handled at the next level of courts.

Courts of General Jurisdiction:

Major trial courts that have jurisdiction over any cases involving criminal law and sometimes civil law.

Court of Intermediate Appeal:

Handle appeals from the lower courts.

Court of last Resort:

Are those that are authorized by law to hear the final appeal on legal matters.

Often labeled as supreme courts or final courts.

Tribunals:

Are generally temporary bodies that are organized to judge persons for their behavior during a specific time for a specific event.

International Court of Justice:

The longest - running and most permanent supranational court.

Known as the world court.

European Court of Human Rights

Allows individuals, groups, non governmental organizations to bring complaints against a European state to a judicial body after they have been denied relief in their national courts.